WORKING OF INTERNET

Main job of networking is sharing. Since sharing is of information or data and that is stored in form of files. So, main job is to move files/data between two computers.

For smooth functioning of movement of data, a set of rules are made. These rules are called Protocols. These protocols are implemented in network software and are called TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol) or more commonly called TCP/IP.

Data Transfer occurs in form of Packets. Big blocks of Text or Data are divided into small packets and are transmitted. With packets some extra information are added like error-code, packet position etc. For transmission a special machine called Routers is used. For different networks to talk to internet a machine called Gateway is used.

For communication we need Addresses of the destination. Internet addresses have two forms:

Internet has no Boss or Director to look after its operation, but it is governed by a number of authorities e.g. IAB (Internet Architecture Board) etc.

Payment:

No one actually pays for using Internet; instead everyone pays for its part.

Connection Media:-

(i) One way is through Telephone line. More commonly called Dial-up connection. Connection is made using MODEM and Telephone line. Once connected telecommunication software is used for communication.

(ii) Another way is SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) and PPP (Point to Point Protocol) Both SLIP & PPP are similar protocols. But with some differences PPP is called more sophisticated.

With SLIP:- Two addressed are needed one address provided to. you (host) and other address of remote system your computer will be dialing into. SLIP is designed to handle one type of traffic at a time.

PPP is a multiprotocol transport mechanism, PPP can transfer TCP/IP traffic and also other like APPLE TALK, IPX simultaneously on same connection. PPP has compression facility which in turn improve packet throughput SLIP doesn't have this compression.

Irrespective of the type of connection, one must have a computer account on a host machine which is shareable. User can select his own username and password. For using account his user name & password must match, this process is termed as logging-In. The term 'on the Internet' means having access to a computer with its own IP address.