Object:-

1. Program objects can represent applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, and so on. Folder objects can represent a directory and contain a group of files, a group of programs, or a group of other folders. Data-file objects can include information such as text, memos, letters, spreadsheets, video, and sound. Device objects can be printers, fax modems, plotters, servers, and CD-ROMS.

2. In Object Linking and Embedding (OLE), an object can be any user-selected group of data, such as a block of text, a set of spreadsheet cells, a chart, sound, or a graphical image. This data can be embedded in or linked to another document created by a different OLE application.

3. In object-oriented programming, a program consists of a set of related but self-contained objects that can contain both code and data.

Object Linking and Embedding:-

Abbreviated OLE, pronounced "on-lay". A Microsoft protocol for application-to-application exchange and communications using data objects. OLE works at a much higher level, with greater user involvement and more convenience, than Dynamic Data

Exchange (DDE), the other inter-process method. Data objects can be either embedded or linked. If the source data in its original form is actually stored inside the other application program's data file, the data is embedded. In this case, there are two separate copies of the data: the original data and the embedded copy. Any changes made to the original document will not be made in the compound document unless the embedded object is updated.

If the data still 'exists in a separate file and a set of pointers to this data is stored in the other application program's data file, the data is linked. In this case, only one copy of the data exists; any changes made in the original document will be made automatically in the compound document. To discover if an application supports OLE, check the Edit menu for commands such as Paste Link, Paste Special, and Insert Object. If these commands are present, the application supports OLE.

Object-oriented graphics:-

Graphics that are constructed from individual components, such as lines, arcs, circles, and squares. The image is defined mathematically rather than as a set of dots, as in a bitmapped graphic.

Object oriented graphics are used in illustration, drawing, and CAD programs, and are also known as vector graphics or structured graphics. Object-oriented graphics allow the user to manipulate a part of an image without redrawing. Unlike bitmapped graphics, all or parts of object-oriented graphics can be resized or rotated without introducing any distortion.

Object-oriented programming:-

Abbreviated OOP. A programming model that views a program as a set of self-contained objects. These objects interact with other objects by .passing messages between them. Object-oriented programming also lets you create procedures that work with objects whose exact type may not be known until the program actually runs.

In object-oriented programming, each object contains both data and code and is completely self contained. The program incorporates an object by making it part of a layered hierarchy. Object-oriented programming is the result of many years of theoretical development, and it is seen by many to be the current extension of the theory behind modular programming, in which code is combined into reusable modules.

ODINSUP:-

Abbreviation for Open Data-link Interface/Network Driver Interface Specification Support, also written as ODI/NDIS Support. A Novell interface that allows the coexistence of two network driver interfaces: Microsoft's NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification) and Novell's ODI (Open Data-link Interface). ODINSUP allows a DOS or Microsoft Windows workstation to connect to dissimilar networks through a single network interface card, and to use them as if they were a single network. ODINSUP also allows NDIS protocol stacks to communicate through the ODI's link-support layer (LSL) and multiple-link interface driver (MLID). so that ODI and NDIS protocol   slacks can  coexist   in  the  same system, using a single ODI MLID.

Online:-

1. Most broadly, any work done on a computer instead of by more traditional manual means.

2. Any function available directly on a computer, such as an application's help system.

3. Describes a peripheral device, such as a printer or modem, when it is directly connected to a computer and ready to operate.

4. In communications, describes a computer connected to a remote computer over a network or a modem link.

Online Service:-

A service that provides an online connection via modem for access to various services. Online services fall into four main groups:

• Commercial Services :- Services such as America Online, CompuServe, and Prodigy charge a monthly membership fee for access to online- forums, e- mail services, software libraries, and online conferences. Some of the larger services, such as America Online and CompuServe, provide you with free software you run on your computer to access their services; GEnie and Delphi users must provide their own communications software.

• Internet : - The Internet is a worldwide network of computer systems located at government and educational institutions. The Internet is not always easy to access not is it always easy to use, but the wealth of information available is staggering. The main problem for casual users is that there is no central listing of everything that is available.

• Specialist databases:- Specific databases aimed at researchers can be accessed through online service such as Dow Jones News/Retrieval for business news and Lexis and Nexis for the legal information and news archives.

• Local Bulletin boards:- A small network of two or three computers, giving access to special interest information,    software   libraries, e-mail, online conferences, and games. There are thousands of small, local bulletin board systems (BBSs), often run from private homes, by local PC Users Groups or by local schools.   

Open Architecture:-

A vendor independent computer design that is publicly available and well understood within the industry. An open architecture allows the user to configure the computer easily by adding expansion cards.

Open Data-link Interface:-

Abbreviated ODI. A Novell specification, released in 1989, that allows multiple network interface and device drivers and protocols to share a single network interface card without conflict. ODI defines an interface that separates device drivers from protocol stacks and lets multiple protocol stacks share the same network hardware. Here are the main components:

• The multiple-link interface driver (MLID) manages the sending and receiving of packets to and from the network.

• The link-support layer (LSL ) is the interface layer between the device driver and the protocol stacks. Any ODI LAN driver can communicate with any ODI protocol stack via the LSL. The MLI (Multiple-Link Interface) communicates with the network interface cards through an MLID and consists of three main components.

• The media-support module (MSM) manages the details of interfacing ODI MLID's to the LSL and to the operating system.

• The topology-specific module (TSM) manages operations that are specific to a particular media type, such as Ethernet or Token Ring.

• The hardware-specific module (HSM) is specific to a particular network interface card. It handles adapter initialization, reset   shutdown, [jacket reception, timeout detection, and multicast addressing.

OSPF:-

Abbreviation for Open Shortest Path First. A routing protocol used on TCP/IP networks that takes into account network loading and bandwidth when routing information over the network. Routers maintain a map of the network and swap information on the current status of each network link. OSPF incorporates least-cost routing, equal-cost routing, and load balancing.