TURING TEST

The turing test measures the performance of a supposed to be intelligent machine against that of a human being. The test which turing called the "imitation game", places the machine and a human counterpart in rooms apart from a second human being referred to as the interrogator. The interrogator is not able to see or speak directly to either of them, does not know which entity is actually .the machine. It may communicate with them solely by use of a textual device such as a terminal. The interrogator is asked to distinguish the computer from human being. Solely on the basis of their answers to questions asked over this device, if the interrogator is unable to reliably distinguish the machine from the human then Turing argues then machine may be assumed to be intelligent. The technique in which a computer is so programmed that it is as intelligent as human is known as modeling.

The goal of artificial intelligence is simply to simulate the intelligent behavior on a computer using any technique that proves to be effective. Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science dealing with symbolic, non-algorithmic methods of problems solving.

Numeric Vs. Symbolic:

Computers originally were designed specially to process numbers. People, however, tend to think symbolically rather than numerically; our intelligence seems to be based, in part, on our mental ability to manipulate symbols, rather than just numbers.

Algorithm Vs. Non-algorithmic:

An algorithmic is a step by step procedure with well-defined starting and ending points which is guaranteed to reach a solution to a specific problem. Computer programs traditionally have been based on algorithm. Many human reasoning processes, however, tend to be non-algorithmic, in other words, our mental activities consist of more than just following logical, step by step procedure.

Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science that deals with ways of representing knowledge using symbol rather than numbers and with rules of thumb or heuristic, methods for processing information. A heuristic is a 'rule of thumb' that helps you to determine how to proceed.